Tests are part of the spec
You will learn
Why every t27 spec carries its own tests, and what a waveform shows.
In t27 a spec is not finished without its claims: test blocks, invariants and benches live in the same file as the code they check, and the compiler refuses a spec with none. A test can also be run as gates in a simulator. The waves below are a real simulation of Verilog generated from a ternary multiply-accumulate spec, driven by that spec's own test vectors.
Try it
Zoom into one clock cycle and read the values on the buses at a pass mark.
Open the lesson's spec in the player: specs/tutorial/07_tests_invariants_benches.t27
All lessons
Module 1 · The chip
What an FPGA is, which chip we use, and how its pins meet the board.
Module 2 · Numbers in hardware
Bits, trits and number formats, and what arithmetic costs in logic.
Module 3 · Your t27 program
Write a spec, test it, and see why compiling is not the same as being right.
Module 4 · Inside t27c
How the compiler reads a spec and what it writes, including the native t27b.
Module 5 · From spec to hardware
The Verilog t27c writes, the cells it becomes, and what one LUT does.
Module 6 · Reading synthesis
What yosys reports about your design, and which warnings matter.
Module 7 · Place, route, timing
Where the cells land on the die, and whether the clock is met.
Module 8 · The bitstream
How a routed design becomes the bits the chip loads, with no Vivado.
Module 9 · On the board
Ask the chip who it is, load the bits, and check them.
Module 10 · Lab: our own research
A number format of our own, an honest scoreboard, and a model's tables multiplied on the board.